Cerebral Contusions
- Direct or indirect injury to brain tissue
- Involves brain parenchyma abutting the skull adjacent to the impact (coup) and the opposite side of the impact (contrecoup)
- Foci of hemorrhages often noted within edematous brain
- Commonly located adjacent to
- Irregular bony protuberances (notably anterior inferior frontal lobes and anterior inferior temporal lobes) and
- Dural folds (parasagittal "gliding" contusions)
Neuroimaging
- CT findings (See Figure 1)
- Acute
- Patchy hyperdense hemorrhagic foci surrounded by a hypodense area of edema
- CT with perfusion increases the sensitivity for contusion
- Chronic
- Hemorrhagic foci turn isodense and then hypodense
- Eventually, the area becomes encephalomalacic with volume loss and there is hypodensity of the involved parenchyma
- Acute
- MRI findings
- Helps detect and also delineate the extent of the contusion
- See Table 1
Acute | Chronic | |
T1 WI | Inhomogeneous isointensity with or without mass effect | Focal or diffuse atrophy |
FLAIR |
|
|
T2*GRE | Hypointense hemorrhagic foci "blooming artifact" | Hypointense hemosiderin deposits |
DWI |
|
|
MRS | Decreased N-acetyl aspartate, increased choline |
- Differential for cerebral contusion
- Infarct with hemorrhagic transformation
- Venous sinus thrombosis
- Cerebritis
- Low-grade neoplasm
- Transient post-ictal changes
For more information, please see the corresponding chapter in Radiopaedia.
Contributor: Priya Rajagopalan, MD
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