Vols.

Global Function Free

**Table 1: Encephalopathy**
Differential list for encephalopathy
Neoplastic	Pheochromocytoma Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis
Infectious	Sepsis (DIC) PML HIV associated encephalopathy Encephalitis Meningitis Cerebral malaria
Vascular	Malignant hypertension Acute intracranial hypotension Binswanger’s disease Vasculitis Ischemia
Endocrine	Hypoglycemia Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma Diabetic ketoacidosis Thyrotoxicosis Myxedema coma Pituitary apoplexy Cushing’s disease Addison’s disease
Metabolic	Carbon dioxide narcosis Hepatic encephalopathy Uremia Dehydration (electrolyte anomalies) Porphyria Maple syrup urine disease Lactic acidosis Hypovitaminosis B12 Hyponatremia Hypernatremia Hypercalcemia
Toxic	Ethanol Wernicke’s encephalopathy Opiates Heroin Amphetamines Barbiturates LSD Phenothiazines TCA Digoxin Anticholinergics Methotrexate Methanol Paraldehyde Cyanide Heavy metals Organophosphates Steroids
Miscellaneous	Post-traumatic Pugilistic encephalopathy Post-radiation Sturge-Weber syndrome (late) Status epilepticus

**Table 2: Unconscious Patient**
Differential list for a patient found to be unconscious
Neoplastic	Primary Metastatic
Vascular	Cardiogenic syncope (arrest, arrhythmia, outflow obstruction) Hypovolemic shock Anaphylactic shock Infarction (arterial, venous) Hypoxia Anemia (CO, methemoglobin) Cerebral edema Hemorrhage (epidural, subdural, intracerebral, SAH) Hyperviscosity Vasculopathy (SLE)
Infectious	Meningitis Encephalitis CJD DIC Abscess Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Endocrine	Hypoglycemia Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma Diabetic ketoacidosis Thyrotoxicosis Myxedema coma Pituitary apoplexy Cushing’s disease Addison’s disease
Metabolic	Adrenoleukodystrophy Carbon dioxide narcosis Hepatic encephalopathy Uremia Porphyria
Toxic	Ethanol Methanol Opioids Heroin LSD TCA and anticholinergics Barbiturates Amphetamines Digoxin Cyanide Steroids Organophosphates
Inflammatory	PML
Miscellaneous	Trauma Epilepsy (post-ictal) Conversion hysteria Malingering

**Table 3: Coma**
Differential list for causes of coma
Neoplastic	Primary (progressive onset) Metastatic (progressive onset) Intralesional hemorrhage (acute onset)
Vascular	Infarction (ischemic, hemorrhagic) Hemorrhage (subdural, epidural, intracerebral) Hypertensive encephalopathy
Infectious	Abscess Bacterial / Viral encephalitis or meningitis
Endocrine	Adrenal insufficiency Hyperthyroidism / Hypothyroidism
Metabolic	Hypernatremia / Hyponatremia Hyperglycemia / Hypoglycemia Uremia
Toxic	Ethanol Methanol Opioids Heroin LSD TCA and anticholinergics Barbiturates Amphetamines Digoxin Cyanide Steroids Organophosphates