Reflected left temporalis muscle and infratemporal fossa. The zygomatic arch and coronoid process have been removed and the temporalis muscle has been elevated to expose the infratemporal fossa and lateral pterygoid muscle. The maxillary artery passes deep to the latter muscle in this dissection but emerges distally where it is seen giving rise to the anterior deep temporal and posterior superior alveolar arteries before giving rise to the sphenopalatine artery, which enters the pterygopalatine fossa through the pterygomaxillary fissure. The buccinator muscle fills the lower left side of the image. The buccal nerve, a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve, is seen deep to the reflected temporalis muscle. (Image courtesy of PA Rubino)