Overview of expanded approach in coronal plane. From an endonasal perspective, the abducens nerve is the most medial in the CS, just underneath V1. The inferolateral trunk arises from carotid artery and runs between the abducens nerve and V1. In the upper aspect of CS, the oculomotor nerve can be identified. The upper edge of V2 is the inferior limit of the CS. The vidian nerve travels from pterygopalatine fossa to the lacerum ICA. The paraclival ICA is located above the lacerum segment. The lower cranial nerves run next to parapharyngeal carotid artery. The hypoglossal nerve can be identified running through the hypoglossal canal. (Image courtesy of JC Fernandez-Miranda)